To an Engineer, the glass is twice as big as it needs to be.
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I just did a simple Google search and turned up many instances where the manufactures of Belleville Washers go out of their way to promote the idea that they have done extensive fatigue testing and they assure the buyer that their products are resistant to fatigue failure.Based on this impression, it would appear that this is an issue which the manufactures are talking about without really being prompted to do and as such it suggests a couple of things. 1) it feels as if there has been problems in the past, which could very well explain why your mechanics warned you about this, but 2) it would also appear that the manufactures may have responded to this by producing better products and backing them up with test data. I would say thatmight have the right idea, check with the manufacture of the washers that you're using and see what they have to say about the fatigue life of their particular products.Product 'Evangelist'Product Design SolutionsSiemens PLM Software Inc.Industry SectorCypress, CAUG/NX Museum:
Standard joint with flat washers (blue)
& Belleville washers (green)
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it is important to note that a Belleville washer is not a replacement for a flat washer.A question we often receive is; should I use a flat washer with a Belleville washer? While there are situations when you can use a flat washer with a Belleville washer, Let's start by going over the basic functions of both fastener elements:As you can see, the two fastener elements are designed to solve two different problems.As they do not serve the same function, a Belleville washer and a flat washer can work in tandem to improve the joint. A Belleville works best when it has a flat and smooth bearing surface. This is because the contact surface, (the top inside corner and the bottom outside corner), slides/rolls as the washer deforms to flat. The less friction created by this motion, the better. Without a flat washer, the bottom bearing surface is up against the joint surface. The addition of the flat washer provides a better bearing surface, as well as distributing the load. A flat washer is not required on top of the Belleville as the bolt or nut usually provide an adequate bearing surface to limit friction.Given the right set of circumstances, a Belleville washer will work just fine without a flat washer. It all depends on the joint surface. As stated above, a Belleville washer does not distribute the load nearly as well as a flat washer. If the joint surface is relatively soft or is susceptible to embedment, the washer may dig in. If the surface is uneven or rough, the increase in friction may cause a lower load. However, if the joint surface is hard, even and smooth, a Belleville may be used without a flat washer with minimal change in joint performance.There are three factors to consider when selecting the right flat washer.1. It is important to make sure that the Belleville, bolt, and flat washer used are of a similar material family. Stainless steel should be used with stainless steel, and zinc-plated carbon with zinc-plated carbon. This will help to prevent the problems caused by galvanic corrosion and differential thermal expansion.2. It is important that the flat washer OD is large enough to accommodate the Belleville's OD. If the washer OD is too small so that the Belleville overhangs, then the loading characteristics will be altered, limiting the defleciton available for preload retention 3. The thickness of the flat washer should be at least one-third the thickness of the Belleville washer. This will ensure that the washer itself does not deform under the intended load. This assumes that the flat washer is fully supported by the joint. If the flat washer is not fully supported, then a thicker washer may be warranted.If your application requires both load distribution and the spring action of a Belleville washer, using them together can be effective. Always consider the specific requirements of your assembly to determine if this combination is suitable.Installing Solon Belleville Springs & Washers to the fastening system ensures a proven and reliable connection. Solon Belleville Springs & Washers increase the elasticity of the bolting system by maintaining consistent, and sufficient bolt preload providing improved bolted joint reliability, preventing unplanned or costly downtime, and protecting your assets.Solon Manufacturing, an industry leader on engineered solutions for critical applications, can help from design through aftermarket to ensure bolts have the correct mating parts that will effectively support any applications. Often there are standard options already available, though a custom Belleville washer can be engineered around specifications.Solon Belleville Springs & Washers are used in a variety of applications and industries to maintain bolt preload on bolted joints and connections. Solon Belleville Springs & Washers minimize the effects of differential thermal expansion, vibration, embedment relaxation, bolt yield/creep, and thermal cycling.Additional information such as calculator tools case studies and technical white papers can be found in our resource library Application: General Purpose Bolting Application: Commercial Bolting Applications Calculator: Bolt Stretch Calculator Calculator: Infinite Bolt Life Fatigue Calculator White Paper: Why Increased Elasticity Leads to Reduced Self-Loosening Video: Solon Belleville Spring Washers Product Selection Tools: Application Specific Calculators
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