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Unlike the standard ball valves, most gas ball valves are tested and approved by CSA. These valves are vital for combustible gas service in different industrial applications. They are used in natural gas, manufactured gas, and liquefied petroleum gas pipelines.
A gas ball valve is a quarter-turn flow control device that is designed to offer better performance, shut off and sealing characteristics than the conventional ball valves. Unlike high pressure, high temperature, water service ball valves, gas ball valves adopt a compact and lightweight valve body design that increases their versatility, making them suitable for different applications.
Gas ball valves are predominant in applications and piping systems conveying combustible fluids like hydrocarbons, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gases, and chemical vapors. These valves are also ideal for boilers, furnaces, gas stoves, residential and commercial water heaters.
Flow control applications relying on gas ball valves operate under high pressure and temperature. Given the combustible nature of most of the working fluids, it is vital to prevent leakage at the valves. Sealing and protection against fugitive emissions rely on the metal-seated gas ball valves or PTFE seats.
The benefits of using gas ball valves for different industrial applications are:
Excellent shut-off characteristics &#; The valves open and close quickly in response to pressure conditions of the pipeline. It is vital for preventing backflows and contamination.
Versatility and efficiency &#; Gas ball valves have a compact design that fits into different industrial applications. They operate at low torque and require simple actuation mechanisms.
Durability and easy maintenance &#; These valves provide excellent flow control throughout their service life and demand minimal maintenance interventions.
Before using gas ball valves for combustible fluid service, they require approval from Canadian Standards Association (CSA). The association rates the valves based on application areas and country-specific requirements. CSA is accredited by several US regulatory authorities including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Valves bearing CSA ratings can be used in different industries across the US. According to the CSA ratings, gas ball valves designed for outdoor fluid applications in the USA bear the BRS125G-rating and CAN 3.16 in Canada.
For indoor applications, the CSA ratings are the same for the USA and Canada. Any ball valve bearing the ½ PSI and 5G- ratings are strictly used for indoor gas applications. The ½ PSI rating indicates that the installation location of the valve is on the appliance. Household piping systems use valves bearing the 5G rating. Indoor gas systems operate at a lower pressure when compared with outdoor piping systems.
CSA 3.16-15 standards apply to all lever-operated gas shut-off valves. These are metallic gas ball valves that are manually operated and contain flanged, threaded, or welded ends. Their service temperatures range between -°F (-600°C) and °F (°C), while their maximum pressure limit is 125PSI. These valves are suitable for natural gas, liquified petroleum gas, and manufactured gas service.
Valves under the CSA 3.16-15 ratings can be used for methane gas service in sewage treatment plants. However, they are likely to suffer from the negative impacts of contaminant accumulation around the valve body. Gas ball valves are unsuitable for use in piping systems with traces of hydrogen sulfide (sour gas).
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For the efficiency of fluid flow applications, it is necessary to control and monitor fluid pressure. Gas ball valves are equipped with pilot taps for fixing pressure gauges. With these gauges, operators can monitor the pressure of the piping system and perform pressure tests. Fixing the pressure gauges at the valves guarantees accurate pressure control in the system to facilitate the safety and consistency of gas applications.
Gas ball valves have standard pilot taps in the form of &#;" female pipe thread or female pipe taper (FPT). The pilot taps come with a &#;" tapering male pipe thread plug that is tightened to prevent leakages.
Several manufacturers use yellow handles on the valves for identification purposes. Though this is not a standard visual indicator, it is a quick way for buyers to identify ball valves that are approved for combustible gas service. When selecting gas ball valves, do not just rely on visual indicators. Confirm that the intended piping requirements match the CSA approvals and ratings.
Gas ball valves are used in applications with varying temperature and pressure ranges. For the safety of operations, the valves are subjected to rigorous air tests to establish their efficiencies at different operating conditions. According to CSA standards, gas ball valves are tested to withstand 1.5 times their rated valve pressure. Gas ball valves with the CAN 3.16 approval are designed for higher pressure ratings. In some cases, they may be exempt from pressure tests.
The following are gas ball valve ratings and the accompanying test pressures in PSIG (Pounds per square inch gauge)
CAN 3.16 rating &#; test pressure is 125PSIG
BRS125G &#; test pressure is 188PSIG
½ PSI &#; test pressure is 3PSIG
5G &#; test pressure is 7.5 G
Each gas ball valve has a specific CSA approval rating. However, it is common to find valves with the same CSA ratings having different pressure and temperature ratings. Valves meant for industrial processes with extreme temperatures/pressure may require modifications and additional tests to meet the minimum CSA approval requirements.
Gas ball valves have different constructions to suit their application areas. Piping systems for natural gas service, supply of clean gases or compressed air use fully welded ball valves. These valves have a compact design, are easy to insulate, provide bi-directional tightness, and are designed to be maintenance-free. Such ball valves are fabricated using high-strength materials, have spring-loaded PTFE seals and O-rings for maximum sealing.
Processes in which the working media should be fully open or fully closed use gas ball valves with flanged and welded ends. They are in sections like heating pipeline crossings or heat exchanger stations.
When selecting gas ball valves, consider the installation areas. Are the valves intended for indoor or outdoor usage? After that, select the appropriate size that will meet the desired process parameters.
When selecting a gas ball valve for any industrial application, identify the performance requirements of the system. It will include factors like flow rates, pressure, and temperature ranges. Identify the chemical characteristics of the service medium. Piping systems with traces of sour gas will use gas ball valves with PTFE seats due to their inert nature against chemicals, unlike metal-seated valves that are likely to corrode under similar conditions.
Gas ball valves selected for critical gas pipelines should be easy to maintain or demand minimal maintenance interventions. The quantity of abrasive media and contaminants in the piping system should be minimal to prevent premature valve damage.
Gas ball valves provide an affordable and often ideal solution for combustible gas service in different industrial applications. Their application is guided by CSA ratings and approvals that guarantee safe usage under varying process conditions.
Need guidance in determining the appropriate gas ball valve for a specific application?
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Flanged Valve - Mating Bore
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(Mechanical)
(OP)
25 Jul 15 13:00Hi everyone,
In most of project I was involved in, flanged valves were purchased based on the rating and size of the mating flanges. I mean nothing is said with regard to the schedule of the pipe. I know that internal bore is important when purchasing welding end valves, but I haven't deal with specifying of internal bore when purchasing flanged valves. ASME B16.34 correlates flange thickness (say internal diameter) to the ASME B16.5, which in turn has mixed dimension for internal diameter (depending on the size and rating). For, say 600#, 24", internal bore shall be specified by purchaser.
My question:
Is it possible to have different bore diameter at the mating flanges (for 24", #). If so, what's maximum allowable difference?
Thanks in advance.
Replies continue below
(Mechanical)
25 Jul 15 20:18'Internal bore' of a ball-valve is normally used for the actual opening in the ball itself. For a reuced bore ball-valve, where the opening in the ball is less than the nominal inner piping diameter, the entering opening of the valve flange will match the full opening of a sheduled standard opening of the counter flange on the pipeline, eg. both at full pipeline diameter. From the ball-valve flange there is normally a cone reduction to the ball opening at a reduced bore bsll-valve.I do however, from your description, belive that you are actually talking about the allowable difference between the entering hole through the valve's flange compared to the bore of the standardized bore of the pipeline's counter flange.I do not believe anything is noted down in regulations here as long as the flanges matches (strength of flanges and the general construction of pipeline and valve), but others might correct me here.If we are talking about ball-valves we have also to consider possible pigging and allowed differences according to pig-type, if there is an abrupt change of diameter from pipeline flange to valve flange.Else, for all types of valves, we will have to consider increased hydraulic loss, possible cavitation, and actual capacity of the valve for the different pressure and flow data. For some types of (smaller) valves other than ball-valves, flow capacity might vary from valvetype to valvetype, not directly proportional to piping diameter. This is often the case for regulation valves.There are, for some (larger) types of regulation valves (for instance german 'ringkolben' (needle) valves) from 150 mm up to mm) cases where a valve of lesser diameter is used to give the correct regulation for a larger pipeline. The valve is often then mounted to the upstream pipeline with an abrupt diameter change (most often 1 to 2 valve diameters smaller than the pipeline diameter) given by a flat reducing flange. This will (depending of flow amount) give a better linear flow through the valve than a longer cone reducing tube for many cases.Concluding on your question: for normal cases 'small' differences might be negliable whereas 'larger' differences might be more complicated, but as said: all depending on flow parameters.(Others may have things to add or correct.)
(Industrial)
26 Jul 15 19:45I am not aware of ``schedules`` playing any part in flanged valves.
Only related Butt end valves.
For tolerances on an ID refer to ASME B16.5
(Mechanical)
(OP)
27 Jul 15 05:11Thanks gerhardl and Manichum for your reply.
It seems having different bore sizes at the junction of a full bore, flanged ball valve and its mating weld neck flange is not unlikely. So, what is The allowable difference in this regard? Doesn't this step cause excessive noise in the plant (supposed fluid is natural gas)? And, what about the gasket? Can the vortex damage the gasket?
(Petroleum)
27 Jul 15 16:00Matching internal bore of the valve to the pipe is only really needed for pipeline "through bore" valves where passage of pigs is possible / required. Anywhere else there is no significant impact to a minor mis-match of internal bores.Gerhardls post says it better than me and I agree with him.The difference is a few mm so I would not expect any noise or any other effect. The gasket is completely hidden from the flow path so has no impact. Even where the bores match there is a gap between the internal flange faces on ASME flanges all over the place and you don't hear anything.I assume by the way you meant class 600, not ...
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(Mechanical)
(OP)
27 Jul 15 16:26Yes, LittleInch, it's my mistype and 600# is correct. So, if for that 24" valve the step was 20 mm, is it ok or some action should be done.
(Petroleum)
27 Jul 15 18:48If the line isn't to be pigged then I would ignore it, but a step of 20mm sounds rather big. mismatch of bore of 20mm is ok.
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