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Types of Lock Washers
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Lock washers are available in two basic types: spring action (or split) washers and tooth washers.
- Split lock washers are helical-shaped split rings. When fastened, the two ends exert a spring force on the fastener to create increased friction and resistance to motion. Helical spring lock washers are the most common form of a lock washer and are best suited to applications with smaller loads. High-collar lock washers are a kind of split washer.
- Internal tooth lock washers have teeth made to bite into the nut/screw head and surface it contacts. They work best on small screws or screws used in electrical grounding.
- External tooth lock washers (also called star washers) have teeth made to bite into the bearing surface. An external tooth lock washer is designed to provide stronger holds than internal-tooth washers as the teeth bite into a larger radius and are best suited to large screws.
When working with lock washers, consider that a tooth lock washer can leave scratches on its attaching surfaces. In addition, a tab washer is designed for harsh environments and has a tab that you can bend against the nut or fastener head to hold it in place.
Tip: Lock nuts are nuts designed to resist loosening from vibration or torque and are sometimes used as alternatives to lock washers.
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