Smooth operations in countless industries are the result of careful design, and flange valves stand at the very heart of this process. If youre wondering, what is a flange? then youre in the right place. Essentially, flange valves are a type of valve that connects to the pipeline with the help of a flange.
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Primarily, flanged valves control the flow in pipelines by opening, closing, or obstructing different pathways. The valve flanges are bolted together with a gasket sandwiched between them to prevent leakage. Just in case youre wrestling with the term leakage, its simply a fancy way of saying unwanted escape of fluid or gas. Flanged type valves are a popular choice because of their ease in assembly and disassembly, which proves invaluable when it comes to maintenance.
Each flanged valve possesses its own set of unique properties, kind of like a superhero. However, some key features run common among them. And these arent just cool traits they come with some pretty major benefits too.
To start, flange valves are typically full port, meaning they have a bore internal diameter almost equal to the pipelines internal diameter. This feature ensures less resistance to flow, quite a tour de force in fluid dynamics!
Now, lets play a bit with the word corrosion, not the most pleasant of terms, is it? But worry not, our flange valves come with corrosion-resistant qualities. This means their stainless steel or carbon steel body is not only durable but also extremely resilient in the face of corrosive substances.
Another game changer here is the valve connection. If youre new to this, think of it as the glue that binds the flanged valves to the pipeline. This flange to flange connection is about as sturdy and reliable as you could ask for. But it also plays nice with maintenance needs because its super easy to disassemble and assemble back together.
Lets delve deeper into the world of flange valve connections. These connections are a crucial component of any pipework, serving as the bridge that binds together two separate pipeline sections. And, believe it or not, these connections come in several types, each with its own set of perks to offer. Heres a closer look:
Now, armed with this knowledge, when you hear the phrase flange connection in the funky world of valves, you will have a clear picture of the different contestants in the ring. Each connection type holds its majestic story, serving different applications in its unique style. And as always, the choice rests upon the requirements of the application and the environment of the operation.
Now, wouldnt it be kind of chaotic if each manufacturer followed their own standards? We thought so, too. ANSI comes to our rescue here. ANSI, or American National Standards Institute, sets guidelines that ensure consistency among the valves produced by different manufacturers.
An important aspect of this standard is the torque rating. Here we must remember that torque isnt a tropical beach or a rock band; its the twisting force required to turn something, in our case the valve. Flange valves as per ANSI standards come with well-defined torque ratings, guaranteeing their safe and effective operation.
Ever wondered where flange valves come from? Well, they arent delivered by storks theyre made in a careful process involving finesse and accuracy. The flanged valves, flanged end and all, are a product of precision engineering and carefully considered designs which optimize them for various applications. Heres a glimpse into the journey of our high-performing valve flanges.
The manufacturing kicks off with the selection of the type of material suitable for the valve, primarily stainless steel or carbon steel. The valve body and other parts are then formed using methods such as casting or forging. Hold on, that doesnt mean using magic spells! Casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold while forging uses compressive forces to shape the material.
Valve seats and seals are constructed next, heading straight into the heart of the action. The valve heads are bonded to the valve body, usually through welding. Say the word welding and you might think about an intense fireworks display but in our valve-making world, it represents a solid, permanent joining method.
Next comes the grand assembly, where all the components come together. Its sort of like a family reunion, without the awkward questions. And voila! Your flange valve emerges, ready to take on challenging tasks in any pipeline it graces.
If we were in a world where flange valves were Superman, threaded valves would be more like Batman. Both superheroes, yet differentiating in their capabilities and strengths.
Threaded valves are designed to connect to piping using threads. So, the main allure for threaded over flange type valves? Quick, effortless installation and compact design.
However, when faced with larger diameters, the ease of installation advantage kind ofthreads off. The heftier your pipe, the mightier a flangeman you need. Enter, flange valves, with their bold and ever-reliable flanged connections, ready to handle large diameters and high pressures with panache.
Prepare for a little lesson in the alphabet soup of valve connections! NPT and NPS are two common terms youll encounter in the world of valves. Lets break them down, shall we?
NPT stands for National Pipe Taper threads. Its like a screw connection, where the male and female threads taper as they go inward. These threads achieve a tight seal by creating a wedging effect.
On the other hand, NPS stands for National Pipe Straight threads. As the name suggests, these threads are straight and do not taper. They rely on the assistance of additional sealing methods, such as gaskets or O-rings, to achieve a secure connection.
So, the next time someone throws NPT or NPS at you in a conversation about valve connections, youll know what theyre talking about!
One size does not fit all in the world of flange valves. Theres a wide variety to choose from such as flanged ball valve, flanged gate valve, flanged check valve and flanged butterfly valve, each tailored to different applications and requirements. Lets take a quick tour:
Type of Flanged ValveDescriptionApplications and AdvantagesLever Flange ValveLever-operated flange valves are widely used because theyre robust and easy to use. The lever turns the valve on or off by operating the ball inside the valve.Found in a variety of industries where quick shut-off is needed. Easy operation is a strength.Full Port Flange ValveThese valves have a wider opening, allowing fluid to flow through with minimal resistance. The best part? Greater flow rates with less pressure drop.Ideal for operations where minimal restriction to the flow is critical, allowing maximum fluid passage.Control ValvesJust as their name implies, control valves help regulate the flow level of fluid in a pipeline. Theyre the real maestro, commanding fluid flow rate, pressure, and direction.Used in processes that require precise controls. They provide excellent flow regulation.Globe ValveGlobe valves are so named because of their globular shaped body. With their linear motion and good shut-off capabilities, they are set to rule the world!Great in applications that require throttling and frequent operation, like in cooling water systems and fuel oil systems.Gate ValveThe gate valve, no relation to Bill Gates, is great at completely shutting off or opening the flow of fluid.Common in pipelines where the flow must be either entirely stopped or freely allowed. It provides an extremely tight seal.Check ValveCheck valves are the traffic controllers of the valve world, allowing flow in one direction, and preventing backflow. Now, wont that check all your boxes?Ideal in applications where backflow could cause problems. They automatically prevent reverse flow.Butterfly ValveButterfly valve has a disc positioned in the center of the pipe. A rod passes through the disc, connecting to an actuator outside of the valve. A slight turn of the actuator and flap!Perfect for applications needing quick shut-off, like in fire protection and cooling water systems. They offer streamlined flow control.Flange End Ball ValveBall valves have a spherical closure unit that provides on-off control. Now, add flange ends to this, and you have a versatile, reliable, and easy to use valve.Used in a variety of applications, including gas, water, and air lines. They provide rapid on-off control.Additional Protection ValveThese valves offer an extra degree of safety, thanks to their design. They combat complications like corrosion, leakage, and temperature changes.Employed in intensive industries like oil, gas, and chemical sectors which require extra protection against harsh substances and high pressures.Flange valves play a crucial role in various industries, serving as the silent heroes behind the scenes. Lets dive into a few sectors where these valves have found their niche:
IndustryRole of Flange ValvesOil and Gas IndustryFlange valves are used extensively in this sector due to their durability and ability to withstand high pressures. They help in regulating and controlling the flow of oil and gas in pipelines, processing units, storage containers, and more.Chemical IndustryThe chemical industry often deals with corrosive substances, and flange valves are designed to tolerate such harsh conditions. They effectively manage and control the flow of various chemicals within the treatment and production processes.Water TreatmentFlanged valves play a critical role in water treatment processes, such as flow regulation, backflow prevention, and pressure control. They ensure smooth, efficient, and safe operations in water treatment facilities.Power GenerationPower plants rely on these sturdy components for controlling the flow of steam and other fluids in their systems. Flange valves are utilized extensively in boiler and turbine systems for their superior performance and reliability.HVACIn heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, flange valves control the flow of heated or cooled air and liquids. This results in more precise temperature control and improved energy efficiency.Pharmaceutical IndustryIn pharmaceutical production, high levels of accuracy and sterility are required. Due to their excellent sealing capabilities and corrosion resistance, flange valves are used extensively in this industry to ensure safe and contamination-free production processes.Food and Beverage IndustryFlange valves are integrated into processing equipment and piping systems to handle and control the flow of liquids and semi-liquids. They ensure clean and hygienic operations, as required by food safety regulations.To keep your flange valves in top-notch condition, proper maintenance is key. Here are some tips to ensure they continue functioning smoothly:
By following these maintenance practices, you can extend the lifespan of your flange valves and minimize downtime.
Like any field, valve technology has witnessed remarkable advancements over the years. Innovations have focused on improving efficiency, reliability, and environmental sustainability. Some notable advancements include:
These advancements have propelled flange valve technology to new heights, constantly pushing the boundaries of efficiency and performance.
And there you have ita comprehensive guide to understanding flange valves. From their definition and function to their diverse applications across industries, weve covered it all. We delved into manufacturing processes, different types of connections, and even explored the materials used.
Remember, flange valves bring reliability, control, and efficiency to countless applications, making them an integral part of industrial processes. With proper maintenance and consideration of advancements, these valves are poised to continue revolutionizing fluid control systems.
So, the next time you encounter a flange valve, youll be armed with knowledge, understanding the significance they hold in various sectors. Stay curious, keep exploring, and embrace the world of flange valves!
At Kinvalve, there are three types of flange standard gate valves you can choose from, they are ANSI flanged gate valve, DIN flanged gate valve and JIS flanged gate valve.
Kinvalve ANSI gate valve flange type is the most common flanged gate valve. All of our ANSI flanged gate valve connections are designed to follow the standards of ASME/ANSI B16.5, B16.47 as well as B16.25.
In the case of ANSI flange type gate valves, standard defines the number of bolt holes on the flange and the center distance between bolt holes and flange center hole.
At Kinvlave, We can offer you 4 pressure ratings from Class 150 to Class 600. These standard flange type gate valves are available in sizes from 1/4 to 12.
Class 150: 1/2 to 12
Class 300: 1/2 to 12
Class 400: 1/2 to 10
Class 600: 1/2 to 10
When we talk about an ANSI gate valve flange type, it will be described as flanged gate valve Class 150 or flanged gate valve 150#.
Refer to the DIN flanged gate valve, the diameter of the flange end is described with DN in mm unit, and the pressure rating is defined with PN with bar unit. Kinvalve can supply 15 sizes from 10 to 300 and XX pressure Classes from 2.5 to 16 bar:
Example: DN 100 PN 16
For JIS gate valve flange type, the flanged gate valve dimensions are described in inches with pressure rating 10K and 20K. Kinvalve JIS standard flanged gate valves are available in size range from 1/2 to 12.
According to the above description, each standard flange gate valve is equipped with flange size according to its standard definition. You can easily fix the flange end to the matching flange of the pipe.
At Kinvalve, you can select many types of flange faces from every international standard flange type gate valves. Usually, these flange face types meet different interface and pressure rating requirements.
When your applications require a relatively lower pressure rating, RF for raised face or FF for flat face is recommended for your better choice.
As a leading flanged gate valve manufacturer in China, Kinvalve has been manufacturing flanged gate valves available in different materials for clients all over the world in the past 18 years.
As our customer, Kinvalve is able to provide you with the privilege to select the material, stem configuration, size, design standard as well as pressure rating, operating mode and personalized packing design.
No matter the flanged gate valve you want is in the screwed bonnet or bolted bonnet or comes with a handwheel, gearbox, electric actuator, or pneumatic actuator, you can take advantage from Kinvalves high design and manufacturing capabilities as well as full supply chain controlling capacity.
If you need to make a decision, please contact us!
This comprehensive guide will answer all questions you have about flanged gate valve.
It has all the useful information you need including applications, function, installation, working principle and many other critical concepts.
So, if you want to be an expert in flanged gate valves, read this guide.
Flanged gate valve
This refers to a linear motion valve with a flat closure element sliding into the flow stream to offer shut-off.
This type of valve uses a rectangular gate inserted into the path of the flowing fluid.
A flanged gate valve requires little space along the pipe axis.
It restricts flow of medium when fully opened hence allowing the valves to offer direct flow with minimum pressure drop.
Flanged gate valves are common in applications with relatively large pipe diameters because they are simpler to construct.
In service, this valve is either fully opened or fully closed.
Moreover, flanged gate valves come in a variety of designs hence broadening choice options for different types of applications.
This design of this device is to enable it to turn the flow of fluid through pipes on and off.
It is also vital in controlling flow pressure through the valves and pipes.
Generally, a flanged gate valve is used to completely shut off fluid flow when closed or provide full flow when opened.
Parts of flanged gate valve
Ideally, a flanged gate valve consists of a wide range of components.
All the components play different critical roles in ensuring the efficiency and performance of the device.
The main parts of this device include;
Nevertheless, this mechanical device also consists of the parts equally essential in guaranteeing its effectiveness.
These other parts include the following;
Flanged gate valve is designed for on/off services.
Technically, a flanged gate valve consists of three main parts; body, bonnet, and trim.
Generally, the body is connected to the piping system by a flanged or welded connection.
The bonnet, which contains the moving parts, is joined to the body with bolts to allow easy cleaning and maintenance.
The valve trim consists of the stem, disc, gate, and seat rings.
Ideally, the main operation mechanism is relatively simple.
When you turn the hand-wheel, it rotates the stem.
This translates into vertical movement of the gate via the threads.
Once the gate valve is fully open, the disc is completely removed from the flow.
Thus there is virtually no resistance to the flow. As a result, little pressure drops when fluid passes through the flanged gate valve.
This device is considered multi-turn since it takes more than one 360° turn to open or close the valve fully.
When the gate is lifted from the path of the flow, the valve opens.
It seals the bore when it returns to a close position, leading to a full closure of the valve.
In general, the design of a flanged gate valve is for full-area flow to minimize pressure drop. It also allows passage of a pipe-cleaning pig.
A flanged gate valve is unsuitable for regulation or throttling of flow since accurate control is relatively difficult to attain.
Moreover, high velocity of flow in the partially open valve may lead to erosion of seating surfaces and disc.
Flanged gate valve units are used in a variety of applications across different industries and residential settings.
This is due to the diversity of construction materials, design combinations, and trim offerings of this mechanical device.
Some of the common applications of flanged gate valve include the following;
Flanged gate valves offer a broad range of advantages when used across different sectors.
Such benefits make investing in this mechanical device worthwhile.
Some of these reasons include the following;
This is necessary since it allows you to attain the best results when regulating flow in the respective application.
It also makes your work easier and, at the same time, enhance overall operational efficiency.
When operating this device, the likelihood of experience a pressure drop in fluid flow is close to zero.
And this is advantageous since it hardly affects the flow, making it easy to attain desirable results overall.
Ideally, you can use flanged gate valves to shut-off the system in either flow direction.
This is beneficial since it demonstrates its easy usability and user-friendliness, especially where a quicker response is necessary.
Compared to other types of valves, such as ball valves, flanged gate valves appear relatively affordable.
The benefit here is that it allows you to get the device even when operating within a tight budget.
Moreover, it also allows you to save a considerable amount of money when you choose it over a ball valve.
A flanged gate valve is also ideal for applications, which require high pressure and temperature, such as power plants.
It is sturdy enough to withstand all the possible harsh and unforgiving conditions likely to be exposed to such applications.
This mechanical device also requires low maintenance due to its sturdy structure and design.
This is vital because it demonstrates its durability, which is critical, especially in preventing unnecessary repair and replacement.
These two sets of devices are used in relatively similar settings, but they tend to vary on a wide range of aspects such as the following;
Flanged gate valve
Flanged ball valve cross section
A flanged ball valve uses a rotary ball consisting of a stem and bore.
Turning the handle attached to the stem triggers the ball to rotate hence opening or closing the valve.
A flanged ball valve needs a 90° turn to regulate or shut-off the flow.
Moreover, the flanged ball valve opens whenever the handle is parallel to the pipe and closed when the handle is perpendicular to the pipe.
A flanged gate valve, on the other hand, uses a gate to control flow of medium.
Technically, the gates are a sturdy-disc structure attached to the stem.
So the gate is lifted for the valve to open and returned down to original position to close the valve.
The flanged gate valve comes with a bonnet, which regulates gate position when rotated.
It is a multi-turn valve since you have to rotate it more than 360° to close or open the valve.
A flanged gate valve is comparatively cheaper than a flanged ball valve.
A flanged gate valve requires smaller space for installation compared to a flanged ball valve.
Ideally, the former operates by turn; hence it wont necessarily take up a big space where it is installed.
But the latter uses a handle, which has to make the 90°-turn to control fluid hence requires a relatively large space.
It is somewhat easy to detect whether a flanged ball valve is opened or closed.
On the other hand, this is relatively difficult to detect when using a flanged gate valve since it is a multi-turn valve.
The company is the world’s best ANSI Standard Flange Type Gate Valve supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.
Ideally, both flanged gate valve and sluice valve perform the same function.
They stop fluid flow and also work by the principle of a tapered disc sling into grooves.
However, the difference is that a flanged gate valve is designed for closed pipelines.
On the other hand, the sluice valve is designed for open systems such as dams.
The essence is to control fluid to a specific overflow level.
The sluice valve is suitable for high-level fluid applications.
When water levels surpass the required level, it can flow over the top of sluice gate.
But in a flanged gate valve, the fluid flow pressure will build up and later find another path out to the valve strength.
Proper installation of a flanged gate valve is integral in determining its efficiency and overall performance in different settings.
The actual installation technique may vary slightly depending on various factors such as the project and size of the valve.
Nonetheless, installation instructions from this device remain the same as follows;
This helps in easing access to the hand-wheels
It allows you to determine whether there are any defects possibly caused by storage or transportation.
If need be, you can wash with water and detergent.
Often, these cause valve problems, especially if it is not aligned correctly with the flange or pipe.
Where necessary, make sure you support the valve to reduce the load on the piping assembly.
Enough space allows slipping of the valve in or out for service.
This prevents the flanged gate valve from falling through.
Ideally, a flanged gate valve is used in different types of applications.
Thus it is likely to come into contact with a range of media.
When picking a flanged gate valve, the material used for its manufacturing is a critical aspect to look into.
It plays an integral role in preventing premature pipe system delays or valve failure.
This type of valve is available in an assortment of materials.
To select the right flanged gate valve material, you must consider several vital criteria such as the following;
Flanged gate valves ordinarily use two types of a stem; which include the following;
Stem for flanged gate valve
These types of stems are fixed to the gate.
They rise and lower together as the valve is operated, thus providing a visual indication of the valve position.
This makes it possible to grease the stem.
A nut rotates around the threaded stem, which in turn moves it.
Rising stem flanged valve has an inside screwed stem, and the packing is subject to wear.
This often is a result of up and down movement and turning motion of the stem.
This design of stem is ideal for above-ground installation.
This design is threaded into the gate and rotate with wedge rising and lowering in the device.
The rotation of the wheel triggers the operation of the valve.
However, the stem hardly comes out of the housing.
Non-rising stem flanged gate valves take up less vertical space since the stem remains within the valve body.
These types of valves are always fitted with a local visual pointer indicating the valves position.
Moreover, these designs are usually ideal for both underground and above-ground installations.
Not necessarily.
You can install flanged gate valves in any direction.
But the efficiency of the device may vary depending on the specific orientation it is installed in.
Ideally, the recommended orientation for installing this type of valve is having the stem in a vertical position.
This orientation is preferred since it aligns the stem to the disc and the disc to the body guides.
And this helps keep everything in proper orientation throughout the open and closed cycles.
Such orientation, in addition to laws of gravity, guarantees effectiveness of this mechanical device.
There are core elements you must look into when selecting a suitable flanged gate valve material.
These factors are essential in making it possible for you to make the right selection decision, and they include the following;
Flanged gate valve
It is a vital aspect in determining the durability and overall functionality of the valve.
Essentially, the rubber must withstand continuous impact from impurities and chemicals without getting damaged.
Moreover, it should also absorb tiny impurities in the seat to close tight.
Flanged gate valves feature two fundamental design issues surrounding construction, including stem sealing and body/bonnet sealing.
In stem sealing, the sealing is placed in the stems bonnet, which retains pressure inside the valve.
Ordinarily, stem-sealing should be maintenance-free and needs to last the service life of the valve.
In bonnet/body sealing, the tightness between the body and bonnet is attained by using a gasket embedded in a recess in the valve.
This design ensures the gasket stays correctly positioned and not blown due to pressure surges.
External protection is from resistance is critical of a flanged gate valves service life.
If the device is coated, the coating material and technique should be uniform and comply with DIN part 1 standards.
It is always imperative to pay attention to the operating and closing torque.
This is irrespective of whether you are operating the flanged gate valve by hand-wheel or using an electric actuator.
The ideal torque for operating the valve from an open to a closed position should range from 5-30 Nm, depending on valve size.
Notably, torques of less than 5 Nm are unsuitable in most cases since they encourage pressure surges in the pipeline.
Closing torques are those required to close the valve to a drop tight position.
Additionally, the inside valve diameters should correspond to the nominal size of the valve.
This is essential since it allows use of pipe cleaning devices.
Flanged gate valve materials are manufactured from a wide range of materials.
However, suitable materials must meet the minimum standards for valves in specific environments.
The common materials include the following;
Yes.
Flanged gate valves are relatively simple that use guides and a gate made of metal to stop and start fluid flow.
Generally, this type of gate valve is rarely problematic.
You can easily repair it, but it depends on the specific part or component with the issue.
When repairing, you need first to disassemble the unit into pieces to identify the specific part to repair.
This has to start by turning off the water source and removing it from the pipeline system.
Unscrew the ends using correct tools and pliers to remove the gate valves bonnet.
At this point, you can figure out the specific component that needs repair or replacement and act accordingly.
If the damaged part is among the main components of the valve, then youll rather replace the entire unit.
Otherwise, repair or replace the specific part accordingly and re-assemble the unit appropriately.
Not really.
Technically, the purpose of a flanged gate valve is to provide ideal on/off shutoff features.
And in many applications using this valve, incidents of pressure drop are usually unlikely.
However, this device does not necessarily reduce pressure.
What it does about reducing pressure is to limit the fluid pressured depending on the flow.
If your flow is zero, then then the flanged gate valve will never work to reduce pressure.
But for higher flows, you may need to keep o adjusting the valve depending on the flow changes, thus making it a hectic undertaking.
The cost of a flanged valve gate varies depending on a host of variables.
One of these variables is the size.
Normally, these units are available in different sizes since they are designed for varied applications.
Flanged gate valves designed for more demanding applications such as marine, power plants, and other industrial applications are costlier.
On the other hand, those designed for residential applications and ordinary plumbing are somewhat cheaper.
The other variable is the material used for manufacturing the flanged gate valve.
Different materials have varied ratings based on the properties and other elements.
Highly regarded ones such as polycarbonate, stainless steel, and brass among others, are likely to be relatively expensive.
Another variable is the specific brand you are purchasing.
Some brands are comparatively popular in the market hence tend to be a bit costlier than others.
In general, the design construction of flanged ball valves entails the use of sturdy materials.
These materials can withstand different types of conditions in various applications.
Therefore, these guarantee longer life of this device in the respective projects since all factors are often figured out.
But the extent of longevity may vary based on the specific mechanical, chemical, and environmental conditions it is exposed to.
The type of media that passes through the flanged ball valve also determines the durability.
And most importantly, the maintenance routine is also an integral determinant of the overall durability of this valve.
The bottom line is that all factors constant a typical flanged ball valve may last for at least 10 years.
Stainless steel flanged gate valve
Flanged gate valve has a few disadvantages, which include the following;
To attain the best results and excellent longevity from flanged gate valve, you must adhere to its maintenance routine.
Several elements determine the maintenance needs of this mechanical device.
Nevertheless, here are some of the ideas you can implement when maintaining this unit;
Finding the right supplier for a flanged gate valve can be quite challenging.
In essence, it is important to ensure that the manufacturer you select is suitable from different perspectives.
Nevertheless, there are imperative factors that you need to consider when choosing the right manufacturer for this unit.
These factors include the following;
An ideal flanged gate valve manufacturer should have relevant experience in the manufacturing of this unit.
This is essential because it demonstrates knowledge of the supplier in different aspects revolving around gate valves.
In some instances, you may need several units of this valve.
Therefore, youll need to find a manufacturer with capacity to produce enough units within a specified timeline.
A suitable manufacturer to consider should price these products availability.
Technically, the quality of the flanged gate valves should be worth the cost in different aspects.
A manufacturer that offers a warranty is an ideal choice to consider.
First, it demonstrates the suppliers confidence in the specific product.
Moreover, it gives you peace of mind since you are sure the manufacturer will accept it back if any mechanical malfunction.
It is also important to seek a flanged gate valve manufacturer with excellent customer service.
This makes it easy to channel your issues, especially for troubleshooting the unit if it develops problems.
With the information in this guide, you can choose high performance flanged gate valves.
In case you have any question or inquiry, Kinvalve technicians are here to assist contact us now.
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit DIN Standard Check Valves.