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A cleaning robot from 2006A robotic vacuum cleaner, sometimes called a robovac or a roomba as a generic trademark, is an autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner which has a limited vacuum floor cleaning system combined with sensors and robotic drives with programmable controllers and cleaning routines. Early designs included manual operation via remote control and a "self-drive" mode which allowed the machine to clean autonomously.[1]
Marketing materials for robotic vacuums frequently cite low noise, ease of use, and autonomous cleaning as main advantages. The perception that these devices are set-and-forget solutions is widespread but not always correct. Robotic vacuums are usually smaller than traditional upright vacuums, and weigh significantly less than even the lightest canister models. However, a downside to a robotic vacuum cleaner is that it takes an extended amount of time to vacuum an area due to its size. They are also relatively expensive,[2] and replacement parts and batteries can contribute significantly to their operating cost.[3]
History
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Retrofuturistic illustration of an "electric scrubber" in the year 2000, as envisaged by an artist in 1899In 1956, the American science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein described the concept of a robotic vacuum cleaner with a recharging dock in his novel The Door into Summer: "Basically it was just a better vacuum cleaner .... It went quietly looking for dirt all day long, in search curves that could miss nothing .... Around dinner time it would go to its stall and soak up a quick charge."[4] The following year engineer Donald Moore filed a patent for robotic appliances, including a sweeper, that could follow a track laid below the floor. Whirlpool demonstrated the concept at the 1959 American National Exhibition but did not bring it to market.[5]
In 1969 on 2 April an episode of The Avengers was broadcast in which the character Inge Tilson played by Dora Reisser says "...I saw a demonstration once. A robot vacuum cleaner. It swept around the house, went back into its cupboard, automatically plugged in and recharged itself...". The teleplay for this episode which was entitled "Thingumajig" was written by Terry Nation. It was episode 27 of Season 7.[6]
In 1985, Tomy released the Dustbot as a part of their Omnibot line of toys. Dustbot was the first robot to feature a built in vacuum, and was able to turn when it sensed an edge or ran into something. Dustbot would carry a mini broom and dustpan for decoration.[7][8][9]
In 1990, three roboticists, Colin Angle, Helen Greiner, and Rodney Brooks, founded iRobot.[10] It was originally dedicated to making robots for military and domestic use. It launched the Roomba in 2002, which was able to change direction when it encountered an obstacle, detect dirty spots on the floor, and identify steep drops to keep it from falling down stairs.[3] The Roomba proved to be the first commercially successful robot vacuum.[11] In 2005, iRobot introduced the Scooba, which scrubbed hard floors.
In 1996, Electrolux introduced the first robotic vacuum cleaner, the Electrolux Trilobite.[3] It worked well but had frequent problems with colliding with objects and stopping short of walls and other objects, as well as leaving small areas not cleaned.[3] As a result, it failed in the market and was discontinued.[3] In 1997, one of Electrolux's first versions of the Trilobite vacuum was featured on the BBC's science program, Tomorrow's World.[12]
In 2001, Dyson built and demonstrated a robot vacuum known as the DC06. However, due to its high price, it was never released to the market.[13] Electrolux released the Trilobite robotic vacuum cleaner. The Robotic vacuum cleaner launched at a price of $1,800.00. There were two models: the ZA1 and the ZA2.
In 2010, the Neato Robotics XV-11 robotic vacuum introduced laser-based mapping, allowing navigation in straight lines rather than the traditional random navigation.[14]
In 2015, Dyson and iRobot both introduced camera-based mapping.[15][16]
In 2016, iRobot CEO claimed that 20% of vacuum cleaners sales worldwide were robots.[17]
As of 2018, obstacles such as dog feces, cables and shoes remain very difficult for robots to navigate around.[18][19]
In 2022, ECOVACS launched DEEBOT-X1 Family featuring YIKO[20] Voice Assistant, which was the industry's first natural language for home robots with Al voice interaction and control technologies.[21][22][23]
Main features
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Cleaning modes
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A cleaning robot as seen from belowRobotic vacuums have different types of cleaning modes, usually including the following:[24]
Wet mopping
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Some models can also mop for wet cleaning, autonomously vacuuming and wet-mopping a floor in one pass (sweep and mop combo).
The mop is either manually wet before attachment to the bottom of the robot or the robot may be able to automatically spray water on to the floor before running over it.
Some advanced robot vacuum cleaners have a sensor that detects and avoids mopping in carpeted areas. However, if there is no sensor, most of the robot vacuum cleaner manufacturers add a no-mop zone feature in the app to make robot vacuums to avoid certain areas to clean. These robot vacuums are also capable to mop about 150 m2 (1,600 sq ft) in one go.
A robot mop can tackle multiple surfaces and comes with a variety of different cleaning modes, providing options for sweeping, vacuuming and mopping damp or wet floors. Robot mops score better on hard surfaces and are ideally suited for hardwood, laminate and tile flooring types.
Mapping
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The first robovacs used random navigation. This sometimes caused the unit to miss spots when cleaning or be unable to locate its base station to recharge, and did not provide the user a history of which spaces were cleaned.
More sophisticated models include mapping ability. The unit can use gyro-, camera-, radar-, and laser- (laser distance sensor or LDS) guided systems to create a floor plan, which can be permanently stored for more efficiency, and updated with information on areas which have been (or have not been) cleaned. Thus, the cleaning efficiency is greatly improved and the repetition rate is reduced significantly.
Models with a multiple floor plan feature can store several floor plans.
Others
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D-shape vacuum cleaneras of?
] for robot vacuum cleaners. These remove dust and pollen from the air.List of robotic vacuum cleaners
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Open-source designs
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These are open-source designs that can be built using off-the-shelf components and 3D printed parts.
See also
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References
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Increase Productivity
The new generation of robotic floor cleaners can perform high-volume, repetitive tasks for hours at a time, with no reduction in efficiency – while your team members carry out jobs requiring human dexterity. They can also work at any hour of the day, which helps accomplish nighttime jobs more effectively. Extended hours enable more cleaning overall, or fewer expensive staff hours.
Improved Cleaning Quality
Consistency is a cornerstone in any robotic floor cleaner: it will do what you tell it to, repeatedly, until you tell it to stop – it only requires battery power, adequate water, and detergent.
In-built Monitoring
With built-in monitoring and reporting capabilities, it is possible to meet or exceed progress- and quality-related KPIs with any robotic floor cleaner from Nilfisk.
Greater Simplicity
Every test conducted by Nilfisk resulted in the same conclusion: simpler is better. Customer research shows that a simple interface in robotic floor cleaners, with “PLAY”, “PAUSE,” and “STOP” buttons controlling key functions, makes most sense for operators in the field. The interface ends up more accessible, less complicated, and less demanding in terms of training.
Optimal Safety
Robotic floor cleaners can handle very dirty or dangerous tasks, especially in factory environments or large warehouses, much more safely than any personnel. Advanced sensors allow them to operate around hazards, such as drops, water, obstacles, or expensive machinery – with minimal risk of collision or damage. This allows staff to be allocated to lower risk jobs and to let robotic floor cleaners do the higher risk jobs when it comes to cleaning instead.
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