The main control unit is called an accumulator. It controls all systems that interconnect to prevent emergency situations. The system activates based on hydraulic pressure, and the typical accumulator houses pumps, a hydraulic reservoir, a control manifold, control valves, compressed gas bottles, and several other facets.
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Often, an accumulator holds enough power to allow for BOP units and their backup functions to run when other systems fail, so it is mounted on top of the BOP stack itself.
An annular BOP is what closes the space around the diameter of the drill pipe, but since the actual system cannot be closed with a value due to the drill string, this controls the air flow for the mud without cutting off any other systematic elements.
The annular BOP sits at the top of the BOP stack, to provide the most efficient airtight option. A RAM BOP also works to prevent any unwanted materials from exploding in the system, but several are needed in the BOP stack to ensure optimum safety.
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All the parts of a RAM BOP (and sometimes an annular BOP component) make up a BOP stack. Types can include:
RAM valves can be stacked a number of different ways, for multiple types of efficiencies. Some BOP systems can reach massive heights, especially in deep-water drilling where a BOP system has a completely different purpose for successful extraction.
BOPs and pressure control equipment are typically checked to verify meeting OEM and API specifications, including specification 16A for drill-through equipment.
Many preventers are also certified under DNV, ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), and Lloyd&#;s of London.
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