Springs: Function, Terminology, advantage, Disadvantage, ...

Spring:

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Spring is defined as, an elastic machine element, which deflects under the action of the load and returns to its original shape when the load is removed.

Basic Functions of Spring:

• Cushioning, absorbing, or controlling energy due to shock and vibration. example: Car
• Springs or railway buffers
• To control energy, springs-supports, and vibration dampers.
• Control of motion, and maintaining contact between two elements (cam and its follower)
• Creation of the necessary pressure in a friction device (a brake or a clutch)
• Restoration of a machine part to its normal position when the applied force is withdrawn (a governor or valve). A typical example is a governor for turbine speed control. A governor system uses a spring-controlled valve to regulate the flow of fluid through the turbine, thereby controlling the turbine speed.
• Measuring forces, spring balances, gages
• Storing of energy, in clocks or starters, the clock has a spiral type of spring that is wound to the coil and then the stored energy helps the gradual recoil of the spring when in operation.

Springs used in the IC Engines

The material used for Spring:

• Hard-drawn wire: This is cold-drawn, cheapest spring steel. Normally used for low stress and static load. The material is not suitable at subzero temperatures or at temperatures above 120°C.
• Oil-tempered wire: It is a cold-drawn, quenched, tempered, and general-purpose spring steel. However, it is not suitable for fatigue or sudden loads, at subzero temperatures and at temperatures above 180°C. When we go for highly stressed conditions then alloy steels are useful.
• Chrome Vanadium: This alloy spring steel is used for high-stress conditions and at high temperatures up to 220°C. It is good for fatigue resistance and long endurance for shock and impact loads.
• Chrome Silicon: This material can be used for highly stressed springs. It offers excellent service for long life, shock loading, and for temperatures up to 250°C.
• Music wire: This spring material is most widely used for small springs. It is the toughest and has the highest tensile strength and can withstand repeated loading at high stresses. However, it cannot be used at subzero temperatures or at temperatures above 120°C. Normally when we talk about springs we will find that the music wire is a common choice for springs.
• Stainless steel: Widely used alloy spring materials.
• Phosphor Bronze / Spring Brass: It has good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. That&#;s the reason it is commonly used for contacts in electrical switches. Spring brass can be used at subzero temperatures.

Springs

Helical Spring Terminology:

Helical Spring Terminology

Where, d = wire diameter of spring (mm),

Di = inside diameter of spring coil (mm),

Do=Outside diameter of spring coil (mm),

D=mean coil diameter (mm).

Spring index(C) = Ratio of mean coil diameter to wire

Solid Length = Nt(Total no. of the coil) x d

COMPRESSED LENGTH:

The axial length of the spring is subjected to maximum compressive force.

When the spring is subjected to maximum force, there should be some gap or clearance between the adjacent coils.

The gap is essential to prevent clashing of the coil.

Total gap = (Nt &#; 1) x gap between adjacent coils

FREE LENGTH:

The axial length of an unloaded helical compression spring. In this case, no external force acts on the spring.

STIFFNESS OF THE SPRING:

Force required to produce unit deflection,

where P = axial spring force (N)

δ= axial deflection of the spring corresponding to the force (mm)

Spring Index:

Spring index is defined as the ratio of the mean coil diameter to the wire diameter of the spring and is denoted as &#;C&#;.

C = D/d = Mean coil diameter / Wire diameter

The spring index indicates the relative sharpness of curvature of the coil.

The shear stress correction factor is defined as,

Shear Stress Correction Factor

Wahl correction factor is defined as,

Wahl Correction Factor

Resultant shear stress in the spring wire,

Resultant Shear Stress

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit spring material selection.

Axial deflection &#; δ &#; of the spring:

Axial Deflection

Rate of spring:

Rate of spring

Rate of Spring

Advantages of Spring:

1. Produce a good cushioning effect.
2. Spring has a good shock-absorbing ability.
3. It has high durability.
4. Spring has the ability of stored energy inside it.
5. It is easy to design and cheaper to produce.
6. Spring is a maintenance-free device.

Dis-Advantages of Spring:

1. Day by day its loose it shape and stability.
2. Sometimes when the axial load of the spring is increased, it produce the buckling phenomena.
3. If the spring is broken then it is hard to repair.

Application of Spring:

1. Automobile suspension system.
2. In cam-follower assembly, we use spring too.
3. Spring is used in railway boogies.
4. We used spring in the clutch, brake, and valve assembly to exert force on these objects.
5. Springs are used in garage doors, gardening equipment, door lock, and many other household accessories.

Thank you for reading!

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Spiral springs are widely used due to their flexibility and resilience. They are particularly well-suited for applications where even force distribution is required, such as in the automotive industry. With their ability to handle shock loads, they&#;re ideal for use in vehicle dampers and shock absorbers. Additionally, they offer precise force regulation and can be accommodated in tight spaces.

In contrast, compression springs provide efficient return force, proving their worth in applications requiring linear motion, such as in mechanical valves or clamping systems. Their compact build and high resilience make them a popular choice in the household appliances industry and many other sectors.

While both types of springs have their specific advantages, considering the individual requirements of each application is crucial to make the optimal choice. This article will delve into the advantages and disadvantages of spiral springs and compression springs in various industries.

Advantages of Using Spiral Springs

Spiral springs offer numerous advantages, making them a popular choice across various industries. One of the main benefits is their flexibility. Due to their spiral structure, they can easily adapt to different loads and movements, making them ideal for applications requiring even force distribution, such as in the automotive industry. Spiral springs can absorb shock loads, thus extending the lifespan of vehicle dampers and shock absorbers. Moreover, they provide precise force regulation, beneficial in many applications.

Another advantage of spiral springs is their compact design. Their spiral structure allows them to be accommodated in tight spaces without compromising performance. This makes them ideal for applications with limited available space. Additionally, they are typically lighter than other types of springs, reducing overall weight and energy consumption.

Lastly, spiral springs offer high resistance to fatigue and wear. Their design ensures long lifespans and high operating times, crucial in applications subjected to heavy loads, such as in heavy industry. The high resistance to fatigue and wear makes spiral springs a reliable choice across multiple industries.

Disadvantages of Using Spiral Springs

Despite the many advantages spiral springs offer, there are also some drawbacks to consider when using them. One of the main disadvantages is their limited spring force. Due to their spiral structure, spiral springs can only generate a limited amount of force. This can be an issue in applications requiring high spring force, where other types of springs, such as compression springs, might be better suited.

Another drawback of spiral springs is their limited stiffness. Due to their spiral structure, they might not be as stiff as other types of springs. This can pose problems in applications requiring high stiffness. In such cases, other types of springs should be considered to achieve the desired stiffness.

Lastly, due to their spiral structure, spiral springs might pose challenges in terms of assembly and disassembly. Their complex shape might make it difficult to position and secure them properly, potentially adding time and cost to installation and maintenance. In such cases, other types of springs allowing easier assembly and disassembly should be considered.

Applications of Spiral Springs in Various Industries

Spiral springs find applications in many industries due to their diverse advantages. One area where they are frequently used is the automotive industry. They&#;re employed in vehicle dampers and shock absorbers to absorb shock loads and ensure even force distribution. Additionally, spiral springs are utilized in various other sectors, such as heavy industry, mechanical engineering, and aerospace. Their flexibility, precise force regulation, and high resistance make them a popular choice across multiple industries.

Advantages of Using Compression Springs

Compression springs offer various advantages, making them a preferred choice in many industries. One of the main advantages is their efficient return force. Compression springs are designed to perform linear motion and generate efficient return force, making them ideal for applications requiring linear motion, such as in mechanical valves or clamping systems. Their return force allows precise control and regulation of linear motion.

Another advantage of compression springs is their compact design. Due to their linear structure, they can be accommodated in tight spaces without compromising performance. This makes them suitable for applications with limited available space. Additionally, they are typically lighter than other types of springs, reducing overall weight and energy consumption.

Compression springs also offer high resistance to fatigue and wear. Their design ensures long lifespans and high operating times, essential in applications subjected to heavy loads, such as in heavy industry. The high resistance to fatigue and wear makes compression springs a reliable choice across various industries.

Disadvantages of Using Compression Springs

Despite the many advantages of compression springs, there are also some drawbacks to consider when using them. One of the main disadvantages is their limited flexibility. Compared to spiral springs, compression springs are less flexible and might not adapt as easily to different loads and movements. This can be an issue in applications requiring high flexibility, where other types of springs, such as spiral springs, might be more suitable.

Another drawback of compression springs is their limited force regulation. Unlike spiral springs, which allow precise force regulation, compression springs can generate only a limited amount of force. This can be problematic in applications requiring precise force regulation. In such cases, other types of springs should be considered to achieve the desired force regulation.

Lastly, due to their linear structure, compression springs might pose challenges in terms of assembly and disassembly. Their complex shape might make it difficult to position and secure them properly, potentially adding time and cost to installation and maintenance. In such cases, other types of springs allowing easier assembly and disassembly should be considered.

Applications of Compression Springs in Various Industries

Compression springs find applications in many industries due to their diverse advantages. One area where they are frequently used is the household appliances industry. They are employed in various devices such as printers, washing machines, and other household appliances. Their efficient return force and high resistance make them an ideal choice in this sector. Additionally, compression springs are used in various other sectors, such as mechanical engineering, medical technology, and the electronics industry. Their compact design and high resistance to fatigue and wear make them a popular choice in various industries.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Between Spiral Springs and Compression Springs

When choosing between spiral springs and compression springs, various factors should be considered. One of the key factors is the application. Each application has specific requirements for the spring, such as required force, movement, or space limitations. Understanding these requirements and selecting the type of spring that best fits is crucial.

Another factor to consider is the environment in which the spring will be used. Some types of springs might be better suited for certain environmental conditions than others. For example, spiral springs might be more susceptible to corrosion due to their spiral structure. In such cases, other types of springs offering better corrosion resistance should be considered.

Lastly, the cost factor should also be taken into account. Spiral springs and compression springs have different cost structures, depending on factors such as material, manufacturing, and size. It&#;s important to consider costs in relation to the application&#;s requirements to make the most economical choice.

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