Although the gluten relaxes during the doughs first rise, any manipulation of the dough after bulk fermentation can work to bolster the gluten network once again. So as youre shaping, the dough may seem difficult to stretch or roll, and it could potentially snap back to its original position and fail to form the desired shape or to roll out to the correct size. If you experience this during shaping, simply incorporate a rest into the process: Cover the dough on the counter with plastic wrap and let it sit for 10 to 20 minutes until the dough is easy to manipulate once again. This brief rest gives the gluten network time to relax. Remember to cover the dough so that it doesnt form a skin.
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Dont forget:
1. MAKE CLEAN CUTS
When you divide dough into pieces, every cut you make creates a weak point in the gluten network from which gases can escape. Slicing cleanlynot rippingthrough the dough prevents undesirable results.
2. DIVIDE THE DOUGH EVENLY
Even-size dough pieces will rise uniformly. You can weigh pieces to help you.
Emily Monaco
The baguette is more than a staple its a symbol of Frenchness (Credit: Emily Monaco)
Every year, Paris holds a Grand Prix to crown the citys best baguette and in recent years, the winners have been bakers whose origins are far from France.
Stroll through Paris first thing in the morning, and youll see lines of people snaking out of their local boulangeries for their morning bread. Thats because, throughout France, getting up early and buying a baguette is more than second nature; its a way of life. According to the Observatoire du Pain (yes, France has a scientific Bread Observatory), the French consume 320 baguettes every second thats an average of half a baguette per person per day and 10 billion every year.
Its no surprise, then, that France takes its baguettes seriously. In fact, every April since , a jury of experts has been gathering in Paris for Le Grand Prix de la Baguette: a competition to determine who makes the very best in the city.
Each year, some 200 bakers in Paris enter the competition, delivering two of their best baguettes to a panel of expert jurors first thing in the morning. The baguettes are inspected to ensure that they measure between 55-65cm in length and weigh between 250-300g. Less than half of the 400-plus baguettes that are entered into the competition meet these strict criteria and move on to round two: judging.
Emily Monaco
Every year, some 200 bakers enter Paris most coveted baking competition: Le Grand Prix de la Baguette (Credit: Emily Monaco)
In the next round, the 14-member jury which includes culinary journalists, the previous years winner and a few lucky volunteers analyse the remaining loaves based on five distinct categories: la cuisson (baking), laspect (appearance), lodeur (smell), le goût (taste) and the oh-so-French la mie (crumb). A baguettes crumb should be tender but not damp; spring back when pressed; and exhibit the large, irregular holes that show it has been allowed to slowly ferment and develop flavour.
You could have exactly the same recipe, and if one person is more passionate than the other, they’ll have a better result
Last years champion, Mahmoud MSeddi, was the youngest-ever winner of the annual competition, at age 27. I was lucky enough to grow up in a bakery, recounted MSeddi, as he led me past his irregular, hand-formed loaves at his small Boulangerie MSeddi Moulins des Prés, in the 13th arrondissement. I grew up with my parents, as opposed to kids who were in day care or with nannies. I was always in the bakery.
MSeddis passion for baking is palpable and stems from his father. Originally from Tunisia, MSeddis father arrived in France in the late s while pursuing a degree in electrical engineering. During his school vacation, he came to Paris to work in a bakery to make some pocket money, and he fell in love [with bread making]. He didnt finish his studies. Instead, he started working as a baker, MSeddi recounted.
MSeddi has fond memories of watching his father turn dough into baton-shaped baguettes and working alongside him as a child.
It was like being a magician, he recalled. Thats how I saw myself when I was small, mixing things together. I had so much fun doing it.
Emily Monaco
When he won last year, Mahmoud MSeddi was the youngest-ever winner of the Grand Prix competition (Credit: Emily Monaco)
Although his mother warned him against becoming a professional baker because of the gruelling hours and lack of holiday time, MSeddi decided to join the family business. MSeddi and his father now run three Parisian bakeries: Boulangerie MSeddi Moulin des Près, located just south of the picturesque Butte aux Cailles neighbourhood; Boulangerie Maison MSeddi Tolbiac, a few hundred metres away; and Boulangerie Maison MSeddi in the 14th arrondissement.
MSeddi gets up each day at 04:00 to begin preparing the dough for his now-famous loaves, which are made entirely by hand. Fat in shape and lightly caramelised on the outside, they are the epitome of what a truly good Parisian baguette should be.
But he keeps the secrets of his perfect baguette under wraps.
I wont tell, said MSeddi with a wry smile.
According to winner Sami Bouattour, baguette perfection is just as elusive as MSeddi is making it out to be.
When I was on the jury, Bouattour said, it was easy to pick the 10 or 20 baguettes that stood out. But after that, when youre comparing number three and number eight, the differences are so small.
Emily Monaco
The baguette is more than a staple its a symbol of Frenchness (Credit: Emily Monaco)
For MSeddi, the magic that makes his baguette stand out from the billions of others consumed in France each year is simple: passion.
You could have exactly the same recipe, he said. And if one person is more passionate than the other, theyll have a better result. Even if youve done exactly the same thing, it wont be the same. Its like magic.
MSeddi has earned the right to place a large, gold decal in his bakery window advertising his status as a champion of the baguette. But thats not all. Each years winner also has the honour of supplying the president of France with his daily bread a privilege MSeddi proudly shared with the public by publishing videos on social media of his early-morning routine toting a basket of fresh baguettes towards the immense Elysée Palace.
Emmanuel Macron is evidently quite passionate about Frances loaf-making legacy: in , the president insisted the French baguette be granted Unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage status. Neapolitan pizza, Croatian gingerbread and flatbread from Central Asia already appear on the Unesco list. But according to Macron, the baguette is the envy of the whole world.
But while there are few symbols as quintessentially French as the baguette, its status and quality have been uncertain in recent years. Beginning in the s, bakers began looking for shortcuts to make baguettes more quickly: relying on frozen, pre-made dough; and baking baguettes in moulds rather than free form. Instead of the crispy-on-the-outside, tender-on-the-inside loaves that MSeddi bakes every morning, these pale, doughy baguettes became stale almost the moment they cooled down. By the s, they had become the norm for bakers and Parisians.
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Those bakers at that time were happy, said Bouattour, as he led me past the fresh loaves at his Arlette & Colette in Paris 17th arrondissement. But it killed our profession.
Emily Monaco
French president Emmanuel Macron recently declared that the baguette is the envy of the whole world (Credit: Emily Monaco)
In an attempt to save traditional French baguettes from widespread industrialisation, France passed Le Décret Pain (The Bread Decree) in , establishing that, by law, an authentic baguette de tradition must be made by hand, sold in the same place its baked and only made with water, wheat flour, yeast and salt. Today, these new traditional baguettes make up about half of the baguettes sold in large French cities and are the specimens judged in the competition that has taken place every year since .
And yet, today, some claim that supermarket bread, far cheaper than loaves purchased at bakeries, is edging artisans out of the marketplace. After all, reports French radio station Europe 1, 1,200 small bakeries in France close every year.
Its shameful, MSeddi said. Its bread. Its France. You need to buy it in a bakery, where people get up early, where they make it by hand.
In addition to winning this illustrious competition, Bouattour and MSeddi have a few other things in common. Both forewent the traditional trade school that many aspiring French bakers enter at age 16. Both have been professional bakers for less than a decade (as has this years winner, former engineer Fabrice Leroy). And both are first-generation Frenchmen with what Bouattour euphemistically dubs origins: family backgrounds from elsewhere or in their cases, Tunisia.
Evoking ones ethnic background is taboo in nominally egalitarian France. The government has not collected racial or religious information from its citizens since the s (a policy that stems in no small part from censuses performed during Frances Nazi occupation). But while Frances official political stance is intended to engender equality, its reality of beaches forbidding burkinis and naturalisation offices offering to Frenchify new citizens names seems to tell those with origins one thing: assimilate.
At Arlette & Colette, Bouattour sells a range of breads, pastries and viennoiseries, all made by hand each day and all using certified organic ingredients. Sometimes we get clients coming in saying, The neighbourhood is full of Tunisians thank God you guys are here! he said, referring to him and his wife, who works alongside him in the bakery. But we have Tunisian origins too.
Nevertheless, Le Grand Prix de la Baguette contest does a fairly good job of creating an even playing field for participating bakers, regardless of their backgrounds or experience.
Emily Monaco
Baker Djibril Bodian has won Paris Grand Prix twice in the past nine years (Credit: Emily Monaco)
All the baguettes were numbered, so we had no idea about who we were evaluating, explained Meg Zimbeck, founder of restaurant review site Paris by Mouth, of her experience as a past jury member. The biggest potential problem is palate fatigue. We tasted a lot of baguettes.
Interestingly, before MSeddis victory in , three of the last four years winners were also French bakers of African origins.
Djibril Bodian is the baker behind picturesque Montmartres Le Grenier à Pain bakery. Also a son of a baker and a first-generation Frenchman of Senegalese origin Bodian decided at age 16 to follow in his fathers footsteps. Almost immediately, his bakery school teachers recognised his natural aptitude for the trade.
When I became a baker 22 years ago, no-one thought that a baguette could bring you to the Elysée Palace
The teacher started using me as a good example, saying to the others, Do it like Djibril!, he recalled. It made me feel recognised, but it also put pressure on me. I didnt want to disappoint him.
As a rule, the baker who wins the Le Grand Prix de la Baguette competition is not allowed to compete for the following four years. But after earning the title of Paris best baguette in , Bodian said, I had only one desire: to enter again as quickly as possible. So for four years, while people might have thought I was resting on my laurels, I was already working, trying to improve.
In , Bodian won the contest for a second time.
It was an immense pleasure and an honour, he said, laughing. But when I became a baker 22 years ago, no-one thought that a baguette could bring you to the Elysée Palace.
Bodian credits his success to both his Senegalese background and values and his French training.
I stopped thinking of myself as a foreigner a long time ago, but my origins make me the person I am today, he said. We all start with the same tools, the same teachers, but some people are going to understand things differently. That has nothing to do with origins; thats just talent.
We need to make people proud to be French
Bodian, Bouattour and MSeddis stories echo those of Frances World Cup winning team. Since more than half the roster was comprised of players with African heritage, the victory triggered a national debate over French identity and led many of the teams players to assertively lay claim to their Frenchness. Much like these players, Bodian notes that the Grand Prixs participants and results represent France as it is today: a diverse and multicultural country made up of people who are proud to be French.
Whoever wins the contest is a winner, MSeddi said. Hes a champion, whether hes descended from immigrants or not.
And while he brushes off the importance of evoking ones foreign roots, he does admit that there is a certain element of pride when someone of foreign origin takes top prize.
Thats someone whos passionate about French culture, who has become integrated as a French person, he said. We need to make people proud to be French.
What better way to do so than by tearing into a baguette?
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