Trenches and people are two common hazards involved in excavator mishaps, both of which can result in fatalities. Operators should stay a safe distance from trench edges to avoid collapsing the walls and possibly trapping those in it. Best practice, according to Sherman, is to position the machine on a stable, level surface and avoid putting stress on the soil or edge of the trench.
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Knowing where people are working or standing is crucial before ever moving or swinging the excavator. Blinds spots exist around the boom, arm, and bucket, as well as behind and around the machine. Cameras, mirrors, or a spotter can help an operator know when it is safe to move the machine. Riders should never be allowed on the machine while it is moving, either.
As operators move the excavator, they must confirm that the direction of travel corresponds to the levers and pedals. The Hitachi manual says to determine the position of the undercarriage, pointing out that if travel motors are in front of the cab, the machine will move in reverse when levers or pedals are operated to the front.
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Obstructions also pose risk not only to the operator, but also to nearby people. Moving over fragments of rocks or metal pieces may scatter the material, which may hit those standing around the travel path. Operating on a slope can cause the machine to slip or overturn, injuring not only the operator, but also anyone near enough to be struck by the boom or other parts of the machine.
When climbing up or down a slope, keep the bucket facing the direction of travel, slightly above the ground. If the machine starts to skid or become unstable, lower the bucket to the ground and stop traveling.
Backing up over a person or hitting them with a swinging upper structure or stick can cause death or serious injury. Check the surrounding area before reversing or swinging, use the horn to warn others before moving, and be alert for anybody moving into the work area.
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